Asensus’ newer Luna system (Fig.) aims to build upon the Senhance platform, and the company locked down the system’s design in early 2024, with 510(k) applications to be submitted to the FDA by the end of 2024 and a commercial pilot launch in the latter half of 2025 [19].

Avatera medical—Avatera

The Avatera (Avateramedical, Jena, Germany) was founded in 2011 and represents the first German robotic surgical system (Fig). It is a 2-component robotic system consisting of a robotic cart with mounted 4 robotic arms and a closed surgeon console [20]. The console has a slender eyepiece that does not obstruct the surgeon’s mouth or ears, an integrated and flexible seat, and both haptic, manual input devices and footswitches. It possesses a full HD resolution camera with QXGA resolution screen, and the image appears the same size as natural field of view. 5 mm disposable, single use instruments with a 7 degrees of freedom range of movements. Instruments include Metzenbaum scissors (bipolar), Atraumatic grasper, Maryland dissector (bipolar) and Needle holder. Use of fully disposable instruments working exclusively with bipolar energy is a unique feature of this platform with the company marketing this as avoiding the risk of cross contamination and decreasing sterilization costs. It completed its first ten surgeries to remove prostate and kidney tumors in May 2022 [21] and is approved in Europe with CE Mark approval for urology and gynecology. It is awaiting FDA approval.

Cambridge medical robotics (CMR)—Versius

CMR is based in Cambridge, United Kingdom, and their Versius System (Fig) is currently approved for general surgery, gynecology, thoracic surgery, and urology mostly in Europe under the CE mark as well as in Asia Pacific. It is awaiting FDA approval. More than 15,000 procedures have been performed using the system as of February 2024 [22]. The modular system has 4 independent cart-mounted arms with 360° wrist movements (Fig). The arms have a feature that allows repositioning of the arm segment without removing the instruments. The reduced size of the carts makes it more portable and facilitates moving the system between rooms or in dedicated storage [23]. The Surgeon console is an open design with 3D passive glasses that allows both sitting or standing. The controllers are designed to resemble laparoscopic instruments. The system is completely controlled with the handles and no available pedals. The console is also equipped with a video recording device. It uses 5 mm Instruments of variable lengths with seven degrees of freedom. Monopolar and bipolar energy are available.

Sagebot—KangDou

Introduced in 2020, this is a modular multi arm system with an open surgeon console (Fig). The modular system currently has 3 arms but will allow for up to 5 arms with 1 scope and 4 instruments that can be engaged simultaneously. It will have dual drive capability where two operators can control two arms each at the same time to allow for actual assistance. The open console has pistol grip hand controllers and foot pedals with glasses to allow for 3d vision. 8 mm instruments (reusable up to 10 times) have 540 degrees of rotation and ultrasonic energy is available [41]. The robot was built with telesurgery capabilities. Results of early studies for prostatectomy demonstrated safety [42] and for partial nephrectomies have shown non-inferior outcomes compared to current systems [43].

SS Innovation—mantra

This is a multi-arm system with five independent carts was introduced in India in 2016. The system is modular (Fig) which allows for a versatile 3–5 arm configuration, enhanced portability, and its stowed dimensions measure 610 mm × 450 mm × 1640 mm. The surgeon console (Fig.) is open and features foot pedals equipped with arm switching, clutch, camera control, and electrocautery capabilities. Vision is 4 K-3D-HD quality, augmented by a head-tracking camera safety feature and an articulating 3D endoscope. The vision cart facilitates live streaming and recording, enabling remote training and tele mentoring. Additionally, it offers an augmented reality feature, providing intraoperative 3D holographic representations of the patient’s anatomy, seamlessly integrating accurate MRI/CT scans. The instrumentation includes a variety of more than 30 instruments most of them 8 mm (SSI MUDRA™), such as the typical monopolar and bipolar instruments, clip appliers such as medium/large Hem-o-lok ™, three different needle drivers, graspers, scissors (Potts, round tip), and several specifically designed for cardiac surgery, all of them reusable and compatible with autoclave sterilization. About to be launched is a multi-fire clip applier and a NADI-anastomotic connector for cardiac surgery. It is currently approved in India (CDSCO) for cardiothoracic surgery, urology, general surgery, head & neck, and gynecology. The Mantra robot is available in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, United Arabic Emirates, Ecuador and Guatemala. The CE Mark in Europe and FDA approval as well as in several Latin American countries is expected in 2024–2025.

Titan Medical—Enos Arm

It is currently working towards FDA approval and has been trialed in general surgeries and colorectal procedures in cadaver models in Florida. Collaborating with Medtronic, the anticipated product launch is set for 2025 [51].

Vicarious medical—Vicarious

Vicarious surgical is developing a platform for single incision surgery, using a 15 mm single access for intra-abdominal surgeries: GI, gallbladder, gynecology, hernias. The platform consists of an open console, and a single patient cart. The effectors and camera are all housed in a 15 mm shaft, the camera deploys along and proximal to the two effectors, each one having a shoulder, elbow, and wrist with 13 degrees of freedom per arm (Fig). The company plans for FDA submission to be made in 2024–2025 through Breakthrough designation.

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Know About Robotic Surgery

Intro: Robotic surgery uses surgeon-controlled instruments to enable precision and minimally invasive techniques. Learn what it is, who it helps, and how to choose care.

Key sections:

How robotic surgery works (patient-friendly explanation)

Benefits and limitations (not every case is suitable)

Safety, common risks, and how outcomes are measured

Cost and insurance: what affects pricing

Checklist: choosing a hospital and surgeon

CTA: Explore hospitals and book a consultation.

Know About Robotic Surgery — A Patient-Friendly Guide

Robotic surgery is often described as advanced or high-tech, but for patients and families, the real questions are practical. What exactly is it, who is it for, what are the benefits and risks, and how do you find the right hospital and surgeon? This page explains robotic surgery in simple and clear language.

Disclaimer: Content on RoboMitra is for general awareness and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified doctor for diagnosis and treatment.